This suggests that individuals with ASD may experience some general difficulties with HP beyond any specific problem with hazards involving visible people. also found participants with ASD were slower to detect hazards-both social and non-social-than typically developing comparison individuals. 2002) and are slower to fixate their attention on people in scenes (Freeth et al. For instance, individuals with ASD spend less time attending to people (Klin et al. These results are consistent with previous research that has found reduced attention to social stimuli in individuals with ASD. Individuals with ASD were found to be less accurate than typically developing individuals in detecting hazards, primarily due to poorer performance when the hazard arose from the actions of a clearly visible person (social hazards) rather than when the source of the hazard was obscured (non-social hazards, such as another car driver Sheppard et al. 2015), HP ability is believed to be an important component of driving. 2011), and HP test scores predict crash risk (e.g. As experienced drivers typically respond faster than novices (e.g. HP proficiency is measured by presenting participants with videos filmed from the point of view of a driver of a car travelling down a road and asking them to identify a developing hazard by pressing a button on a keyboard. Hazard perception (HP), the ability to identify and respond to potentially dangerous events on the roads, has been previously shown to pose some difficulties for those with ASD (Sheppard et al. Moreover, when placed under increased attentional demands the participants with ASD tended to shift attention away from the roadway, which might affect their ability to detect (and respond to) hazardous events safely. ( 2013) measured eye movements during a simulator drive and found that participants with ASD tended to look further into the distance than comparison individuals, which the authors suggested could be less useful for detecting rapidly changing situations on the roads. ( 2016) also report poorer simulator driving in a cohort of individuals with ASD, which was further impaired by a concurrent working memory task. ( 2013) reported poorer performance in a number of aspects of simulator driving in ASD, including operation skills, lane maintenance, and speed regulation. Simulator studies suggest that individuals with ASD may find a range of specific skills involved in driving to be challenging. ASD individuals who do drive rate their own driving ability as poorer than typically developing individuals, and are more likely to report being in accidents where they hit another car or person, and engaging in mistakes, lapses and intentional violations while driving (Daly et al. However survey data have reported that only around 25% of adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) drive independently in comparison with 75% of the population as a whole, suggesting that it might be a difficult task for people with ASD to master (Feeley 2010). Driving a car is an important life skill that allows increased mobility and independence, along with associated physical, social and economical benefits (Collia et al.
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